|
'Nfkuh" vd;gJ vd; fz;zdpd;
,uz;L fz;fSf;F nrhe;jkhdJ vd;W $wpaJ xU fhyk;.
Gifg;glk; vLf;f ngupa ngl;b itj;Jf; nfhz;L my;yJ
fOj;jpy; khl;bf; nfhz;L glk; vLj;j fhyk; vy;yhk;
kiyNawp tpl;lJ. rhjhuz Nfkuhf;fSf;F khw;whf
b[pl;ly; Nfkuhf;fs; te;J Gifg;glj;jpd;
Jy;ypaj;ij glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;baJ. ,jd; gpwF te;j
nry;Nghd; Nfkuhf;fs; kw;w ,uz;ilAk; tpl Mjpf;fk;
nrYj;jj; njhlq;fpapUf;fpwJ. "^ ,d; xd;" Mf
nray;gLk; ,e;j nry;Nghd; Nfkuhf;fSf;Fjhd; ,d;iwf;F
Vfg;gl;l fpuhf;fp '`hahf" xU ifapy; Nfkuhit
itj;Jf; nfhz;L xU gl;lidj; jl;b glk; vLf;Fk;
mstpw;F vspjhf te;J tpl;lJ. gs;spgUtj;jpy; fz;l
Nfkuhf;fspy; ,Ue;J ,d;W nry;Nghd; Nfkuhit ,e;j
FWfpa fhyj;jpy; vj;jid khw;wq;fs;. gioa N[k;];
ghz;l; glj;jpy; 'rpfnul; iyl;lupy;" glk;
gpbg;ghu;. vd;dg;gh fij tpLtjw;Fk; xU mstpy;iyah vd $WNthk;. (ek;%u; n[a;rq;fu; glj;jpYk;
cz;L) Mdhy; mJ midj;ijAk; ehk; ,d;W
ru;trhjhuzkhf gad;gLj;jp tUfpNwhk;. ,d;iwa
nry;Nghd; Nfkuhf;fspy; FtpaJ}uj;ij
(Focus
length)
khw;Wtnjd;gJ KbahJ. Vndd;why; ,jpy; cs;sJ
epiyahd nyd;Rfs;.(Fixed lens)
,ij Nkk;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpapy; fpilj;j
tug;gpurhjk;jhd; jput Ftpa tpy;iy vdg;gLtJ.
kdpjdpd; fz;fspd; rhuhk;rj;ij mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;l ,jd; tbtikg;G cq;fis Mr;ru;aj;jpy;
Mo;j;jg; NghfpwJ. NkYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kdpj
fz; nyd;RfSf;F khw;whf gad;gLj;Jk; Muha;r;rpfSk;
eilngw;W tUfpwJ. ,jd; tsu;r;rp kdpj fz;fSk; [_k;
(Zoom)
nra;Ak; trjpia ngw;W gy fp.kPl;lu; J}uKs;s
nghUl;fis Jy;ypakhff;fhz toptif nra;ag;NghfpwJ.
,J njhlu;ghd mjpra jfty;fis ,e;j thuk; fhz;Nghk;.
Gifg;gl tuyhw;iw khw;wp mikf;fg;NghFk; mupa
fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;
,d;iwa kpd;dZ re;ijapy; kpfTk; gugug;ghf
tpw;fg;gLk; nghUs; 'Nfkuh nry;Nghd;"> ,e;jtUlk;
,jd; tpw;gid 17 Nfhbia vl;Lk; vd
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. xU ifapy; ,f;fUtpiag;
gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L xU fz;iz %bf;nfhz;L Rw;Wyhj;
jyq;fis Gifg;glk; vLg;gJ kpfTk; ru;trhjhuzkhfp
tpl;lJ. ,e;j 'Nfkuh nry; Nghd;fs;" vjpu;fhyj;jpy;
kw;w Nfkuhf;fis Xuq;fl;btpLk; vd $Wfpwhu;fs;
ty;Yeu;fs;. Nfkuh nry;Nghd;fs; %yk; vLf;fg;gLk;
glq;fs; ek; tpUg;gj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,jdhy;
,Uf;Fk;
CMOS
fhl;rprpg;
(Imaging chips)fspd;
jpwd; 300 Mapuk; xspj;Jfs;fs; kl;LNk
(Kilo pixels)
Fiwe;j jpwd; nfhz;l b[pl;ly; NfkuhTld;
xg;gpl;Lghu;j;jhy; $l ,jd; jpwd; kpfTk; FiwNt.
Fiwflj;jp
(Semiconductor)
jahupg;G epWtdq;fs; tUk; fhyq;fspy; Nfkuh
nry;Nghd;fspd; fhl;rp jpwd; 1 nkfh gpf;]y;fs;
tiu tpupTgLj;j KbAk; vd cWjpaspj; jpUfpd;wd.
mg;gb cau;j;jpdhYk; $l fpilf;fg;ngWk; glq;fs;
Jy;ypakhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,d;Wk; rpy FiwghLfs; ,Uf;fj;
jhd; nra;fpd;wd. mjhtJ ,e;j nry;Nghd;fspy; nghUj;
jg;gl;Ls;s rpwpa kw;Wk; epiyahd Ftpatpy;iyfspd;
(Focus lens)
xsp Vw;Gj;jpwd; kw;Wk; gFjpwd; Mfpait kpfTk;
Fiwe;J fhzg;gLtNj ,e;j Fiw.
,e;j Fiwia ePf;fj;jhd; Gjpa topKiwfis
fz;lwpe;Js;shu;fs; Muha;r;rpahsu;fs;. ,e;j Fiwia
Nghf;F tjw;fhf mtu;fs; gad;gLj;jpa njhopy;El;gk;
Ntnwhd;W ky;y ,iwtdhy; gilf;fg;gl;l kdpjdpd;
fz;fs;jhd;. fz;fspd; mrhj;jpa jpwd;fspd;ghy; <u;f;fg;gl;L
gilf; fg;gl;lJjhd; 'jput Ftpatpy;iy"
(Liquid focus lens)
vdg;gLtJ.
 neju;yhz;by; cs;s gpypg;]; Ma;Tf;$lj;jpy; tb
tikf;fg;gl;l ,e;j jput tpy;iy (Lens) fz;fisg;
NghyNt 'cU" khWk; jpwd; nfhz;lit. ,jdhy; kw;w
mjpf juk; nfhz;l Nfkuhf;fspy; J}uj;jpw;F Vw;wthW
epiykhWk; gy mLf;Ftpy;iyfs; (Multiple
Lenses) Njitia Kw;wpYk; mfw;WfpwJ.
Ma;Tr;Nrhjidapy; Kd;gbk jputtpy;iy (Prototype
Liquid lens) kw;w rhjhuz epiyahd Ftpa
tpy;iyfs; (Fixed
Focus Lens) NghyNt
nghUj;jg;gl;lJ. kw;w rhjhuz epiyahd tpy;iyfs;
rpwpa Eioaplk; (Aperture) kw;Wk; FWfpa Ftpa
J}uk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,jdhy; xsp Vw;Gj; jpwd; kpfTk;
Fiwe;J glj;jpd; juk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;.
,j;jput tpy;iyfspd; gzp nry;Nghd;fSf;F kl;LNk
cgNahfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,y;iy. kw;w xspapay;
rhjdq;fspYk; gad;gLj;jg;gltpUf;fpd;wd.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf rpwpa b[pl;ly; Nfkuhf;fs; gp.b.V.
Nfkuhf;fs;> ntg;Nfk;fs; ghJfhg;G gzpapy;
cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLk; kiwT Nfkuhf;fs;
b.tp.b.upf;fhu;lu;fs;> cl;fhl;bfs; (Endoscop)...
vd;W gl;baypl;Lf;nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;. ,ij NkYk;
Nkk;gLj;jp capup nghwpapay; (Bio
Engineering)
njhopy;El;gk; nfhz;L 'nraw;if fz;" jahupf;Fk;
mstpw;F tsug;NghfpwJ.
,d;iwa nry;Nghd; Nfkuhf;fspy; kw;w Nfkuhf;fspy;
cs;sJ Nghy jhdpaq;F Ftpa Kiwik (Auto
Focus System) ,Ug;gjpy;iy. Vndd;why; ,e;j jhdpaq;F
Ftpa Kiwikapy; tpy;iyfspd; (Lens) epiyia
khw;Wtjw; Fz;lhd Nkhl;lhu; fpau; kw;Wk; ,ju
ghfq;fs; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,it midj;ijAk; nry;Nghd;
Nfkuhtpy; nghUj;JtJ vd;gJ eilKiwapy; kpfTk; fbdk;.
mt;thW nghUj; jpdhy; $l nry;Nghd; Nfkuhtpd; msT
kpfg;ngupajhf MfptpLk;.
Mdhy; ,e;j jputtpy;iy (Liquid Lens) Kiwikfs; efUk; ghfq;fNsh my;yJ ,ae;jpuKiw ,af;fq;fNsh
nfhz;bUf;fhJ ,jd; %yk; ,e;j jputtpy;iy kpFe;j
jpwd; nfhz;ljhfTk; ,aq;F fhyk; (Life
Period) mjpfkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. kdpjdpd; fz;fs; ntt;NtW
J}uj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghUl;fis fhZk; nghOJ
mg;nghUspd; J}uj;ijnghWj;J FtpaJ}uk; khWfpwJ.
fz;fspy; cs;s tpy;iyapy; (Lens) ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s
jirfspd; ,af;fj; jhy; tpy;iyfs; cUkhwp RUq;FtNjh>
tpuptiltNjh eilngWfpwJ.
jput Ftpa tpy;iyfspd; gad;fs;
 jput tpy;iyapy; xU Kf;fpakhd rpwg;gk;rk;
vd;dntd;why; ,jd; rpwpa cU mikg;Ng. ,e;j cUNt
rpwpa msthf ,Ug;gjpYk; xU rTfupak; vd;dntd;why;
jputj;ij ,Of;Fk; Gtp<u;g;G tpirapd; msitAk;
Fiwf;fpwJ. ,Jkl;Lky;yhky; tpy;iy RUq;Fk;nghOJ (Shrinks) jputj;jpw;Fk; FLitapy; cl;Gwr; RtUf;Fk; ,ilapy;
cs;s epykpd;tpir (Electro
Static Force) kpfTk; tYg;ngWfpwJ. ,e;j jd;ik %yk; tpy;iyfspd;
gzpapd; Ntfk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nrhjid Kiwapy;
jahupf;fg;gl;l Kd;gbk tpy;iy (Prototype
Lens) 10 kpy;yp tpehbfspy; kW Ftpaj;jpw;F (Refocus) jahuhfpwJ. ,J kdpjdpd; fz;fspd; kWFtpaj;jpwdhd
200 kpy;yp tpehbfis tpl tpiuT! ehsiltpy; 50
kpy;yp tpehbfSf;F nfhz;L tu Kaw;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. mt;thW
nra;ag;gl;Ltpl;lhy; kdpj fz;fspd; tpy;iy fistpl
ehd;F klq;F tpiuthf kW Ftpaj;jpwd; mikAk;.
vJ vg;gb ,Ue;jhYk; xU tp\aj;jpy; kdpj fz;fis
Njhw;fbf;f Kbatpy;iy. mJ MAl;fhyk; ve;j xU
NfkuhTk; ehs; KOtJk; tpopj;J 80 tUlq;fNsh mjw;Fk;
NkNyh ,aq;F fhyk; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy. ,Ue;jhYk; ,e;j
jput tpy;iyfspd; ,aq;F fhyk; gy yl;rf;fzf; fhd
kzp Neukhf ,Ug;gjpYk; glj;juq;fSf;F ve;jtpj
ghjpg;Gk; Vw;glhky; ,Uf;fTk; kpFe;j rpuj;ijfs;
Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;. ,jw;F mLj;j re;jjpahf
`Fluid
Focus Zoom Lens' tbtikf;Fk; Kaw;rpapYk; ,wq;fp
tpl;ldu;. Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; ,d;Dk; XupU
tUlq;fspy; ,e;j ``jput Ftpa tpy;iyfs;
PDA kw;Wk;
nry;Nghd; Nfkuhf;fspd; mq;fkhf tutpUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j
jput tpy;iyfspd; kW Ftpaj;jpwDf;F Njitg;gLk;
rf;jp kpfTk; FiwNt. ,jd; tsu;r;rp ghjpf;fg;gl;l
kdpj fz;fspd; nyd;RfSf;F khw;whf gad;gLj;Jk;
tha;g;Gk; gpufhrkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jDld;
Zoom nra;Ak; jpwDk; Nru;e;J tpl;lhy; xU fp.kPl;lu;
njhiytpYs;s 'fhupd;" ek;gu; gpNsl;il $l ek;khy;
ghu;f;f KbAk;. flw;fiuapy; epd;W nfhz;L njhiytpy;
flypy; gazpj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; fg;gypd; nfhbapd;
epwj;ij fhz KbAk;. flw;fiuapy; epw;gtu;fs; 'Rdhkp" miy rPwp tUtij xU fpNyh kPl;lu; J}uj;Jf;F Kd;Ng
ghu;j;J jg;gpf;fTk; KbAk;. (ek;ktu;fs;
guPl;irapy; fhg;gpabj;J <]pahf gh]; nra;ayhk;)
Nfl;gjw;F fw;gidf; fij Nghy Njhd;wpdhYk; ,ijnay;
yhk; rhjpf;f njhiy Nehf;F ghu;itapy; my;Yk;
gfYk; ghL gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf; fpd;wdu; tpQ;Qhdp fs;. |
(mjprak;
njhlUk;)