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 tpQ;Qhdpfs; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; jw;nghOJ NubNah miy %yk; tpNdhjkhd kw;Wk; GJtpjkhd xyp kw;Wk; xspia thdpy; Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Gjpa Aj;jpia fz;l wpe;Js;shu;fs;. ,jd; %yk; xU kzp Neuk;> xU ehs; kw;Wk; xU thuj;jpw;F Kd;djhfNt G+fk;gk; Vw;gLtij mwptpf;f KbAk;. Mdhy; rkPgj;jpy;jhd; epGzu;fs; ,e;j Gjpa njhopy;El;gj;jpd; %yk; Kiwahf ,e;jg; NguopT Kd;dwptpg;ghd;fis gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpAs;shu;fs;.
rpy Neuq;fspy; ,e;j thdpy; Vw;gLk; xsp gaq;fukhd ngupa G+fk;gq;fisf; $l Kd;dwptpg;G nra;Ak;. cjhuzkhf 17 [dtup> 1995y; $l [g;ghdpy; cs;s Nfhng efuj;jpy; 8 fpNyhkPl;lu; Rw;wstpy; G+kpapypUe;J 200 kPl;lu; J}uj;jpy; nts;is> ePyk; kw;Wk; MuQ;R epw xsp ckpog;gl;lJ. mjd;gpd; xUkzp Neuk; nrd;wgpd; 6.9 upf;lu; mstpy; G+fk;gk; Vw;gl;L 5500 NgUf;Fk; Nky; khz;ldu;. G+fk;g Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; ,k;khjpupahd gjpTfis [g;ghdpy; 1960ypUe;Jk;> fdlhtpy; 1988ypUe;Jk; gjpa njhlq;fpAs;sdu;.
kw;nwhU Kiwapy; ,t;thW Neuplf;$ba G+fk;gk; NubNah mjpu;tiyapy; (Ultralow
Frequency Radio band) Vw;glf;$ba Fog;gq;fs; %yk; xU thuj;jpw;F Kd; rpy Neuq;fspy; xU kzp Neuj;jpw;F Kd;djhff; $l vr;rupf;fg;gLfpwJ. fypNghu;dpahtpYs;s ];lhd;Nghu;L gy;fiyf; fofj;jpYs;s Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; rhd;gpuhd; rp];Nfh tisFlhg; gFjpapy; Vw;gl;l G+fk;gj;ij mJ Vw;gLk; Kd;Ng ,k;khjpupahd rkpf;iQfs; %yk; gjpe;Js;sdu;. ^q;Ftpy; Vw;gl;l G+fk;gj;jpy; 63 Ngu; ,we;jdu;.
G+fk;gk; Vw;gLtjw;FKd; G+kpapy; cs;s ghiwfNsh my;yJ jl;LfNsh efUk;NghNjh my;yJ rpijAk;NghNjh Vw;gLk; kpd;fhe;jj;jpy; Vw;gLk; Fog;gj;jpdhy; xsp kw;Wk; NubNah miy rkpf;iQfs; %yk; vr;rupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
ehrh Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpy; gzpGupAk; Muha;r;rpahsu; xUtu; Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpy; ghiw rpijTg;gLj;Jk; gupNrhjidia tpsf;fpdhu;. ,r;Nrhjidapy; rpijf; fg;gl;l my;yJ nehWf;fg;gl;l ghiwapy; cs;s jhJg; nghUl;fspd; Mf;rp[d; gpizg;Gf;fs; rpijtjhy; ghiwapy; ,ilntspfs;> Jisfs; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ghiwapypUe;J vyf;l;uhd; mZf;fs; Vuhskhf ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW ntspNaWk; vy;f;l;uhd; mZf;fs; G+kpapd; ntg;gk; epiwe;j mLf;Ffis jhf;FfpwJ. ,jdhy; msTf;fjpfkhd kpd;rhuk; ntspahfpwJ. Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpy; epfo;j;jg;gl;l ,r;Nrhjidapy; efUk; Ntfk; xU tpdhbf;F 300 kPl;lu; ,Ue;jJ.
kw;nwhU Muha;r;rpapy; nehWq;fpa ghiwfspd; ,ilntspapy; Vuhskhd jput mZf;fs; nry;tjhy; ghiwapy; ];jpuj;jd;ikia ghjpf;fpwJ. NkYk; mjpfkhd kpd;rhuj;jhy; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW Vw;gLk; kpd;rhuk; Gtpg;gug;gpy; cs;s NubNah miyapy; kw;Wk; kpd;fhe;jj;jpy; Fog;gk; Vw;gLfpwJ. rhl;biyl; nraw;iff;Nfhs;fspd; cjtpAld; epGzu;fs; kpfTk; Fiwe;j mjpu;tiyia
(Extremely Low Frequency & ELF) fz;fhzpf;f KbAk;. NkYk; Gtpapd; Gwg;gug;gpy; JisfNsh my;yJ ntbg;GfNsh Vw;gLtjhy; vyf;l;uhd; mZf;fs; NrUtjhy; mfr;rptg;G xspf;fw;iwfs;
(Infrared light;) %yk; mq;F G+fk;gj;jpw;fhd mwpFwpia fz;fhzpf;f KbfpwJ.
cyfpy; gy tpQ;Qhdpfs; Nkw;fz;l Kiwfisjhd; Gtpapd; khw;wq;fis kw;Wk; G+fk;g Kd;dwptpg;Gfis Jy;ypakhf mwpa gpd;gw;wp tUfpd;wdu;. 2000k; Mz;by; fypNghu;dpahtpYs;s ghNyh My;Nlh
(Palo Alto;) vd;w Gtp Muha;r;rp epiyaj;jpy; jpU. lhk; gpisau; vd;gtu; jiyikapy; xU FO Gtpapd; fhe;jg;Gyj;jpy; Vw;gLfpw khw;wq;fis mwpa tiyaikg;G %yk; epyj;jpypUe;Nj fz;fhzpg;gjw;F
(Network of Ground&based stations) xU epiyak; epWtg;gl;lJ.
,Jtiu ,jd;%yk; 60 G+fk;g mwpFwpfs; fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;L gjpag;gl;Ls;sd. gpd; 2003y; ,jDld; ];lhd;Nghu;L kw;Wk; yhf;`Pl; khu;l;bd; fhu;g;gNu\d; vd;w kw;nwhU Muha;r;rp ikaj;Jld; ,ize;J njhiytpy; fz;fhzpf;ff;$ba xU rhl;biyl; nraw;if Nfhis mDg;g fl;Lkhdg; gzpfis njhlq;fpAs;sJ. ,J kpfTk; ngupa> Jy;ypakhf G+kpapy; Vw;gLfpw khw;wq;fis czuf;$ba nraw;if Nfhshf ,Uf;Fk;. ,d;Dk; gj;jhz;Lfspy; ,jid nray;gLj;j Muk;gpj;JtpLthu;fs;.
1989y; rhd; gpuhd;rp];NfhTf;F mUfpy; Nyhkh g;uPl;lh vd;w ,lj;jpy; mq;F 7.1 upf;lu; mstpy; G+fk;gk; Vw;gl;lJ. mjw;F Kd;Ng mq;F gykhd fhe;jg;Gy Fog;gk; G+fk;g fz;fhzpg;G epiyaj;jpd; %yk; Kd;dwptpg;G nra;ag;gl;lJ. 1999 nrg;lk;gu; 21y; ijthdpYs;s rpr;rp efupy; 7.7 upf;lu; mstpy; G+fk;gk; Vw;gLtjw;F Kd; ,k;Kiwapd; %yk; Kd;ndr;rupf;if nra;ag;gl;lJ. ijthdpy; kl;Lk; Muha;r;rpahsu;fs; 1997 ypypUe;J 1999 tiu 144 G+fk;g mwpFwpfis gjpe;Js;sdu;.
 1989y; Mu;kPdpahtpy; Vw;gl;l kpfg;ngupa G+fk;gj;jpFg;gpd;Nrhtpaj;jpd; fh];kh]; rhl;b iyl; nraw;iff;Nfhs; mq;F xUkhjk; tiu G+kpapypUe;J mjpu;Tfis gjpT nra;jJ. Mdhy; kpfg;ngupa G+fk;gk; Vw;gLtjw;F Kd; ,k;khjpupahd nraw;ifNfhs; cjtpAld; Kd; dwptpg;Gg; ngwg;glhjJ JujpU\;lk;jhd;.
2003y; fypNghu;dpahtpYs;s rhd; rkPad; vd;w ,lj;jpy; 6.5 upf;lu; mstpy; Vw;gl;l G+fk;gj;ij mnkupf;fhtpd; f;thf;rhl;
(QuakeSat;) vd;w tpz;fyk; ,uz;L khjq;fSf;F Kd;Ng Kd;ndr;rupf;if nra;jJ.
[{d; 2004y; gpnuQ;R muR ,jw;FKd; mDg;gg;gl;l tpz;fyj;ijtpl mjpetPd njhopy;El;gj;Jld; kw;witfistpl Jy;ypakhf fz;fhzpf;ff;$ba bkPl;lu; (DEMETER
- Detection of Electro&Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake
Regions) vd;w tpz;fyj;ij mDg;gp Gtpapy; Vw;gLk; mjpu;T jfty;fis ngw;wJ.
,J G+fk;gk; Vw;gLtjw;F Kd; G+kpapy; ghiwfspy; tof;fj;jpw;F khwhf msTf;fjpfkhd vyf;l;uhd; mZf;fs; cw;gj;jpahtij fz;fhzpg;gjd; %yk; rkpf;iQfis ngw;wJ. Mdhy; rkPgj;jpy; mf;Nlhgupy; fh\;kPupy; G+fk;gk; Vw;gLtjw;FKd; jhd; JujpU\;ltrkhf ,e;j tpz;fyk; njhopy;El;g NfhshWfshy; nra ypoe;jJ. ,jdhy; fh\;kPu; kw;Wk; ghfp];jhdpy; Vw;gl;l G+fk;gj;ij Kd;ndr;rupf;if rkpf;iQfis ngw ,ayhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ.
(mjprak; njhlUk;)
vk;.N[.vk;.,f;ghy;> Jgha;
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