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 ghu;itaw;wtu;fs;
vd;whNy mtu;fsJ cyfNk ,Ul;L jhd; vd;W ehk; epidf;fyhk;. Mdhy;
mtu;fSk; jq;fsJ Cdj;ij kPwp vz;zw;w gy rhjidfis gilj;J tUfpd;wdu;.
,g;nghOJ gy;NtW tifahd gzpfs;> tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfs;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; ghu;it ,oe;jtu;fs; fye;J nfhs;fpwhu;fs;.
ghu;itaw;w tu;fSf;F vd;W fpupf;nfl; Nghl;b> jlfs Nghl;bfs;
elj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;why; ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fNsd;.
,g;gb gytiffspy; mtu;fSk; ,lk;> R+o;epiyfs; kw;Wk; trjp
tha;g;GfSf;F Vw;g VjhtJ xd;wpd; JizNahL tho;f;ifia efu;j;jpf;
nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd; whu;fs;.
ahuhtJ JizNahL my;yJ ,jw;fhfNt nry;yg;gpuhzpahd ehapd; cjtpNahL
ntspapy; nrd;W tu KbfpwJ. fz; ghu;it aw;wtu;fs; xU NgUe;jpy;
Vwpdhy; $l me;jg;NgUe;jpd; `hud; rg;jj;ij itj;Nj 'jk;gp! tUtJ 12
k; ek;gu; g];jhNd" vd;nwy;yhk; Nfl;ghu;fs;.
,g;gbj;jhd; mtu;fs; jq;fSila tho;f;ifia gof;fg;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. rpyNgu; NgUe;jpy; Vwpdhy; jhd; ,wq;f Ntz;ba
,lj;ij xt;nthU epWj;jkhf vz;zpf;nfhz;L tUthu;fs;. ,njy;yhk;
ekf;nfy;yhk; rpukkhfj; njupe;jhYk; ,J mtu;fSila
thbf;ifahfptpl;lJ.
mjw;F gpwF mtu;fSf;fhfNt cjTtjw;F epiwa fUtpfs; etPd njhopy;
El;gj;jpd; cjtpAld; te;Jtpl;ld.
g;iuyp
(Braille) cjtpAld; mtu;fs; ,g;nghOJ gbf;f KbfpwJ. ghu;it ,oe;jtu;fs;
gad;gLj;Jk; tifapy; fk;gAl;lu; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rhjuz kf;fisg;
NghyNt mtu;fSk; vijAk; nra;af;$ba mstpw;F nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk; vd;W
mwptpay; ty;Ydu;fs; tplhKaw;rpAld; Nghuhbf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;.
 ahUila
cjtpAk; ,y;yhky; mtu;fis jd;dpr;irahf ,aq;Ftjw;F Vw;g epiwa
fUtpfs; te;Jtpl;ld. te;Jf;nfhz; bUf;fpd;wd. ,g;nghOJ
GPS (Global
Positioning System)
nraw;if Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; uhlhu; cjtpAld; mtu;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; xU
E}jdf; fUtp te;jpUf;fpwJ. mijg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.
jw;NghJ tpQ;Qhdpfs; ghu;itaw;wtu;fSf;F xU Gjpa Kiwia
fz;Lgpbj;Js;sdu;. nraw;if Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; uhlhu;fs; %yk;
ghu;itaw;wtu;fs; ahUila cjtpAk; ,d;wp tpUk;gpa ,lq;fSf;F jhdhfNt
nry;yyhk;. ghu;itaw;wtu;fs; jq;fSila ifapy; xU rpwpa Nyg;lhg;
fk;g;A+l;lu; mstpYs;s xU fUtpia vLj;Jr;nrd;whNy NghJk;.
mnkupf;fhitr; Nru;e;j 50 taJila gpiuad; rhu;y;rd;. ,tu; jd;Dila
11 tajpNyNa mtuJ tPl;by; epfo;e;j tpgj;J xd;wpy; ghu;itia
gwpnfhLj;jtu;. ghu;itaw;w ,tu; GtpapypUe;J 11 Mapuk; iky;fs;
njhiytpy; Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nraw;if Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk;
uhlhu;fspd;
GPS
(global
positioning sysytem) cjtpAld; ,aq;ff;
$ba etPd njhopy; El;gf; fUtpapd; cjtpAld; fle;j 10 Mz;Lfshf cyh
tUfpwhu;.
,e;j etPdfUtp ,tu; nry;yNtz;ba ,lj;jpd; ngaiu g;iuyp MR`$qPqPf;
vOj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;l jl;lr;rpy; ilg; nra;jhNyh my;yJ me;j ,lj;ij
nrhd;dhNyh NghJk; ,tu; Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpw;F nry;tjw;F
topf;fhl;br; nry;Yk;.
 ,jpy;
Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;ij cs;slf;fpa tiuglj;jpw;fhd nkd;nghUs;
(Location Map
rhg;l;NtH) Vw;wg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jd;
%yk; ilg; nra;ag;gl;lTld; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;J nry;y Ntz;ba ,lj;jpw;F
uhlhu; kw;Wk; nraw;if Nfhs;fspd; cjtpAld; mf;Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;ij
ghu;itaw;wtu;fs; nry;tjw;F topf;fhl;br; nry;Yk;.
,J ghu;itaw;wtu;fs; xU ,lj;jpw;F nry;tjw;F vg;gb nry;y Ntz;Lk;
vd;W Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; rpukk; jtpu;f;fg;gLtNjhL
Jy;ypakhf me;j ,lj;jpw;F mioj;Jr; nry;fpwJ.
g;iud; fk;g;Al;lu; fy;tp epiyaq;fs;> filfs;> czT tpLjp> gzk;
vLf;Fk;
(ATM) nk\pd; kw;Wk; Kf;fpa ,lq;fSf;F nry;tjw;F jd;Dila Njhspy; ,r;rpwpa
Nyg;lhg; mstpYs;s etPd fUtpia khl;bf;nfhz;L `hahf fpsk;gp
tpLfpwhu;.
'Kd;ngy;yhk; ,JNghd;w ,lq;fSf;F ehd; nrd;wjpy;iy. Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ
KbfpwJ" vd;fpwhu; mnkupf;fhtpYs;s krhr;R+]l;by;. ghu;it
aw;wtu;fSf;fhf ,aq;Fk; fk;g;Al;lu; epWtdk; xd;wpd; Jizj;jiytuhd
,tu;.
'ehd; ntspapy; nrd;why; vq;F nry;y Ntz;LNkh mjw;fhf njUf;fisAk;>
,lq;fisAk; kdjpy; epWj;jp epidTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy.
xU ,lj;ij jtw tpl;lhNyh ahuplKk; Nfl;f Ntz;ba mtrpaKk; ,y;iy" vd;fpwhu;.
1970y; uhZt Jiwahy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l ,e;j
GPS (Global
Positioning System)Kiw
tpkhdp> fg;gy; Jiw> glF rthup> irf;fps; kw;Wk; thfd Xl;bfs; tiu
,Jtiu cgNahf;fpf;fg;gl;L ,Wjpahf jw;nghOJ fz; ghu;itaw;wtu;fSf;F
,k;Kiw ngupJk; gad;gLfpwJ.
,aq;Fk; tpjk;
,e;jf; fUtp fpl;lj;jl;l 24 nraw;if Nfhs;fspy; tiyaikg;G
(Networking) Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. cgNahfpf;Fk; egu; ve;j ,lj;jpy;> vt;tsT
njhiytpy; ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;w mstPLfisf; fz;lwpe;J Fiwe;j
fjpu;tPr;Rf;fSld; nfhz;l miytupir %yk; ,f;fUtpia njhlu;G
nfhs;fpwJ.
xt;nthU fUtpAk; me;je;j ,lj;jpw;F Vw;w ghJf;fhg;ghd topj;jlq;fs;
kw;Wk; tiugl rhg;l;Ntu; Vw;wg;gl;bUf;Fk;. rpy epWtdq;fs; xt;nthU
Mz;Lk; ,e;j rhg;l;Ntiu GJg;gpj;Jf;
Update)
nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. ,jpy; cgNahfpg;gtu;fs; jq;fSila
tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g ,lq;fis kw;Wk; topj;jlq;fis Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;sKbAk; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
g;iuad; gad;gLj;Jk; ,e;jf; fUtpia g;NshuplhtpYs;s
Freedom
Scientific of St. Petersburg vd;w epWtdk; cUthf;fpaJ. xt;nthU 10 tpdhbfSf;F xUKiw ,f;fUtp ,tUila
epiyia mjhtJ ve;j ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhu; vd;gij gjpT nra;fpwJ. ,tu;
,f;fUtpia gy ehLfSf;F tpahghu rk;ge;jkhf nry;Yk;NghJ
gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;.
ghu;itaw;wtu;fSf;F cjTk; njhopy;El;g fUtpfSf;fhd Jiwiar; Nru;e;j
,af;Fdu; N[h y[;[hNuh $Wifapy;> ',J ghu;itaw;wtu;fs; vijAk;
jpwk;gl nra;a toptFf;fpwJ" vd;fpwhu;.
NkYk; ,J thliff; fhu; Xl;Ldu;fSf;Fk; cjTfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; thfd
neupry; mjpfKs;s ,lq;fis fz;Lnfhz;L me;j ,lj;jpw;F nry;yhky;
khw;W topia cgNahfpj;J thfd neuprypy; rpf;fpf;nfhz;L mtjpg;gLtij
jtpu;f;f KbfpwJ. 'ghu;itaw;wtu;fs; xU ,lj;ij flg;gjw;F ePz;l
Neuk; MfpwJ. Mdhy; ,f;fUtpapd; cjtpAld; ,ij jtpu;f;f KbfpwJ" vd;fpwhu; N[h.
NkYk; mtu; $Wifapy;> ',J ek;ik Rw;wp vd;d elf;fpwJ vd;gijAk;
njupe;Jnfhs;s cjTfpwJ. ,J ghu;itaw;wtu;fs; ahUila cjtpiaAk;
ehlhky; Rje;jpukhf gtdp tu NgUjtp GupfpwJ" vd;fpwhu;.
,jDila tpiy ,g;nghOJ mjpfk; vd;gjhy; mnkupf;fhtpy; ,J 5000f;Fk;
Fiwthd ghu;itaw;wtu;fNs thq;fpAs;sdu; vd;W tpw;gidahsu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.
,jd; xd;wpd; tpiy fpl;lj;jl;l &gha; ,uz;liu yl;rk; tiu MfpwJ.
,J rhjhuz tu;f;fj;jpdUk; thq;Ftjw;F Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf ,jd; tpiy ,g;nghOJ
,Ue;jhYk;> nry;NghdpNyNa ,e;j epwp\p trjpia nfhz;Lte;J Fiwe;j
tpiyf;F ,d;Dk; rpy Mz;Lfspy; nfhz;L tUk; Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;.
ghu;itaw;wtu;fSf;fhf g;iuad; elj;Jk; fk;g;Al;lu; gapw;rp
gs;spapy; ,f;fUtpia vg;gb cgNahfpf;fyhk; vd;gJ gw;wp gapw;rp
mspj;J tUfpd;wdu;.
tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; tsu;r;rpapy; ehsiltpy; ,k;khjpupahd fUtpfs; rhjhuz
tu;f;fj;jpdUk; thq;Fk; mstpw;F tUk; ehs; mjpfk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;Nw
nrhy;yyhk;. nry;Nghd; kw;Wk; 'rpk;" fhu;Lfs; vg;gb rhjhuz
filfspy; ve;NeuKk; vy;NyhuhYk; thq;f KbfpwNjh me;j mstpw;F tUk;
vd;gJ epr;rak;.
nry;Nghd; thq;FtJ Nghd;W ,e;jf; fUtpAk; 'rpk;" fhu;L Nghd;W ,e;jf;fUtpf;Fz;lhd
tiugl rhg;l;NtUk; kype;J tpLk; mstpw;F tpQ;Qhd tsu;r;rp
vspjhfptpLk; vd;gJ cWjp.
 (njhlUk;)
vk;.N[.vk;. ,f;ghy;
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