xU tpz;fyk; G+kpapy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L tpz; ntspapy; 185 Kjy; 643 fpNyh kPl;lu; cauk; tiu nry;y fPo;f;fz;l Kf;fpa ghfq;fs; cjtp nra;fpd;wd.

* ,uz;L jpl VTfy G+];lu; (Solid Rocket Booster - RUf;fkhf SRB)

* %d;W Kf;fpa vd;[pd;fs;

* ntsp vupnghUs; miw (External Fuel Tank) RUf;fkhf E.T

* Rw;Wtl;lg; ghijapy; nry;tjw;Fupa Neu;j;jpahd topKiwfs; (Orbital Maneuvering System RUf;fkhf OMS)

tpz;fyj;ij J}f;fpr; nry;tjw;Fupa Kf;fpa ce;J tpir rf;jpia jpl VTfy G+];lu;fs;jhd; nfhLf;fpd;wd. ,J jtpu tpz;fyj;jpy; jfty; njhlu;G fUtpfs;> Ma;T rhjdq;fs;> ce;J tpir fl;Lg;ghl;L rhjdq;fs;> ghuhR+l;Lfs; Nghd;wit cs;sd.

tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rpapy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpg;git tpz;fyq;fs;. nraw;ifNfhs;fis Rke;J nry;Yk; gzpapy; uhf;nfl;L fSk; tpz;ntsp tPuu;fs; kw;Wk; gpw cgfuzq;fis tpz;ntspf;F nfhz;L nry;y tpz;fyq;fSk; ngupJk; cjTfpd;wd.

,e;j tpz;fyq;fs; gw;wpa tpupthd jfty;fs;> mit nray; gLk; tpjk; Mfpait gw;wpa jfty;fs; ,e;j thu mwptpay; mjprak; gFjpapy; ,lk;ngWfpwJ.


#upaidr; Rw;wp 9 Nfhs;fSk; thy; el;rj; jpuq;fSk; kw;Wk; tpz;fw;fSk; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.

G+kpiag; Nghy kdpju;fSk; capupdq;fSk; trpf;Fk; trjp NtW ve;j fpufj;jpy; cs;sJ vd;gJ gw;wpa Ma;T jPtpukhf ele;J tUfpwJ. ,e;j Ma;tpd; xU gFjpahf epyTf;F kdpjd; nrd;W Ma;T elj;jpdhd;. mLj;jjhf nrt;tha;f; fpufj;Jf;F ''Nuhgu;""fis mDg;gp Ma;T elj;jp tUfpwhd;.

tpz;ntspapy; ru;tNjr tpz;ntsp epiyak; xd;iw mikf;Fk; gzpapYk; mnkupf;fh> u\pah cs;gl gy;NtW ehl;L tpz;ntsp tpQ;Qhdpfs; $l;lhf <Lgl;Ls;sdu;.

tpz;ntsp Ma;tpd; njhlf;f fl;lj;jpy; epyT kw;Wk; tpz;ntsp Rw;Wg; ghijia mila 'uhf;nfl;L"fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. nraw;ifNfhs;fis Rke;J nrd;Wtpz;ntsp Rw;Wg; ghijapy; tpLk; gzpfis uhf;nfl;Lfs; nra;J te;jd. ,e;j uhf;nfl;Lfis xU Kiw kl;LNk gad;gLj;j KbAk;. ,jw;fhd jahupg;G nryTfSk; kpf mjpfk;.

vdNt ,J njhlu;ghf ele;j Muha;r;rpfspd; Kbtpy; cUthdJjhd; kW cgNahf VTfyq;fs; (Re usable Rackets). ];Ng]; \l;by; (Space Shuttle) vd;W miof;fg;gLk; ,e;j tpz;fyq;fs; tpkhdk; Nghy nray;glf;$baJ. tpz;ntsp tPuu;fs; kw;Wk; nghUl;fis tpz;ntspf;F Rke;J nrd;Wtpl;L kPz;Lk; G+kpf;F jpUk;Gk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ.

etPd tpz;fyq;fis jahupg;gjpy; mnkupf;fh z; ntsp epiyakhd 'ehrh" ePz;l fhykhf Muha;r;rp fis elj;jp tUfpwJ. 1972-k; Mz;L mnkupf;f [dhjpgjp epf;rd; $Wk;NghJ> ''kW cgNahfj;jpwd; nfhz;l tpz;fyq;fis ehrh tb tikf;Fk;" vd;W $wpdhu;.

uhf;nfl;Lfs; tpz;ntspf;F nry;Yk;NghJ mtw;wpd; vup nghUs; miwfs; jdpahf vupe;J fod;W tpLk; tifapy; ,Uf;Fk;. vup nghUs; gFjp xt;nthU miwahf vupe;J Kbe;j gpd;du; nraw;if Nfhs; my;yJ tpz;fyj;jpd; gFjp kl;Lk; tpz;ntsp Rw;Wg; ghijapy; fow;wp tplg;gLk;.

Mdhy; tpz;fyq;fspd; nray;ghLfs; ,jpy; ,Ue;J khWgl;lit. G+kpapy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;Yk; tpz;fyk; tpz;ntspapy; jdJ gzpia Kbj;Jf;nfhz;L kPz;Lk; G+kpf;F jpUk;g Ntz;Lk;. vdNt vupnghUs; miwfs; ntspg;gFjpapy; nghUe;J khW tpz;fyq;fspd; tb tikg;G ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W 'ehrh" jPu;khdpj;jJ.

me;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; tpz;fyq;fs; xU ntg;g ghJfhg;G jLg;Gfis (Heat Shields) nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,it tpz;fyk; G+kpf;F jpUk;Gk;NghJ Gtp Rw;W tl;lhu vy;iyf;Fs; te;jTld; G+kpapd; ntg;gj; jhy; vupe;J jdpahfg; gpupe;J tpLk;. ,Ue;jhYk; kWcgNahfj; jd;ik nfhz;l tpz;fyk; nrYj;Jk; ghfq;fisf; nfhz;l tpz;fyq;fis tbtikg;g jw;fhf gytpj top Kiwfs; ifahsg;gl;ld. tpz;fy tbtikg;ghsu;fs; tpz;fyq;fs; ,wq;Fk;NghJ Gtp Rw;Wtl;lhu vy;iyia mil Ak;NghJ Vw;gLk; ntg; gj;ij jhq;fpf;nfhs;tjw;fhf tpz;fyj;ijr; Rw;wp gy nruhkpf;ily;]; (Insulated Ceramic Tiles) nfhz;L jLg;Gfs; mikf;fg; gl;ld. ,jdhy; tpz; fyk; kw;Wk; mjpy; gazk; nra;Ak; tPuu;fs; ntg;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.

tpz;fyq;fs; jahupg;gpy; Kjypy; vz;lu;gpiu]; (Enterprise) Xlj;jpd; khjpup tbtk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j 'vz;lu;gpiu];" tpz;fyk; tpz;ntsp Rw;Wg;ghijf;F nry;yhky; Gtp vy;iyf;F cl;gl;l ,lq;fspy; gyKiw gwe;Jk;> jiu ,wq;fpAk; Nrhjidfs; elj;jg;gl;lJ. Nrhjidapd;NghJ ,e;j tpz;fyk; Nghapq; 747 uf tpkhdj;jpy; ,Ue;J nrYj;jg;gl;lJ.

mjhtJ Nghapq; 747 tpkhdj;jpy; 'vz;lu;gpiu];" tpz;fyj;ij Vw;wpagb thdpy; gwe;jJ. eL thdpy; gwf;Fk;NghJ 'vz;lu;gpiu];" fyk; jdpahf gpupe;J nrd;W jd;dpr;irahf gwe;jJ. ,t;thW gy Kiw Nrhjidfs; elj;jg;gl;l gpwF 'vz;lu;gpiu];" tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ.

,JNghd;w Ma;Tfspd; %yk; nfhyk;gpah> b];ftup ml;yhz;b];> NryQ;ru; Mfpa 4 tpz;fyq;fs; jahupf;fg; gl;lJ. ,it xt;nthd;Wk; ntt;NtW jpwDk; rf;jpAk; nfhz;lit.

Kjd; Kjyhf 1981-y; nfhyk;gpah tpz;fyk; [hd; naq; kw;Wk; uhgu;l; fpupg;ngd; MfpNahiu Vw;wpf;nfhz;L tpz;ntspf;F gwe;jJ.

1986-y; NryQ;ru; tpz;fyk; xU Nkhrkhd tpgj;ij re;jpj;jJ. ,jd; jpl VTfy G+];lu; ,izg;gpy; Vw;gl;l jP fhuzkhf tpz;fyk; jPg; gpbj;J ntbj;Jr; rpjwpaJ. ,e;j tpgj;jpy; mjpy; gazk; nra;j midtUk; capupoe;jdu;. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J tprh uizfSk;> Ma;TfSk; ele;jJ. jtWfSk; FiwghLfSk; rup nra;ag;gl;L NryQ;rUf;F gjpyhf 'vd;Nlhyu;" vd;w tpz;fyj;ij tb tikj;J tpz;ntsp gazj;ij njhlu;e;jJ.

jw;NghJ tpz;fyk; xd;wpd; MAl; fhyk; 100 tpz;ntspg; gazkhf ,Ue;jhYk; ghJfhg;G fUjp 25 gazq;fSf;F kl;Lk; tpz;fyq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

jfty; njhFg;G: vk;.N[.vk;.,f;ghy;> Jgha;.

mLj;j thuk;

ve;jpu kdpjd; vdg;gLk; 'Nuhgl;"Lfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; ,lk; ngWfpwJ.